虛主詞 it (用法 一):
seem, happen, chance等之用法
It seems/appears/happens/chances that S. V.
→ S seems/appears/happens/chances to V.
說明:要說到『似乎、好像、碰巧』等意思時,英文有兩種說法,一是以It為虛主詞,再用that子句寫出要說的事。另一種是以that子句的主詞帶頭,(不再用虛主詞it),子句的動詞以不定詞形式接在seem,……之後。
例句:
1. It seems that he is angry. (好像他生氣了。)
→ He seems to be angry.
2. It seemed that he didn’t like her. (好像他不喜歡她。)
→ He didn’t seem to like her.
seem……之後可接不定詞之簡單式(表與seem相同之時間),接進行式(表正在進行),或接完成式(表示比seem更早之動作)
例句:
1. It seems that he was sick.
→ He seems to have been sick.
2. It seems that he has been sick.
→ He seems to have been sick
3. It seemed that they were enjoying themselvws.
(用法 二):
It is S. C. + Ving :It is no use his going there now.
+ (for Sb) to V. :It is useless (for him) to go there now.
+ that S. V. :It is useless that he goes there now.
(他現在去那裡沒有用)
說明:以It做虛主詞以代替後面的不定詞、子句或動名詞的用法。
例句:
1. That women are poor drivers is open to question.
→ It is open to question that women are poor drivers.
(女人是較差的駕駛這句話有待商確。)
(用法 三):
It will be (long) before S. V. 要很久才
It won’t be (long) before S. V. 不久將 ……
說明:時態可用過去式或未來式。long之處可換成其他時間。注意連接詞用before,解釋或『……才……』或『……就……』。
例句:
1. It will be long before we see each other again. (我們要很久才能再見面)
2. It won’t be long before we see each other again. (我們不久就能再見面)
(用法 四):
It is/was …… that …… .
說明:要加強句中某一部分時,可將此部分前移於第一空格,其餘置於第二空格,是為分裂句 (cleft sentence)。
例句:
1. I love you. (我愛你)
→ It is I that love you. (愛你的是我)
或→ It is you that I love. (我愛的是你)
2. Several students got hurt while crossing th street yesterday.
(昨天有數位學生在過馬路時受了傷)
→ It was several students that got hurt ……
→ It was while crossing the street that several students got hurt yesterday.
→ It was yesterday that several students ……
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